Wild birds have a diverse diet depending on their species, habitat, and the time of year. Here’s a general overview of what wild birds can eat:
1. Seeds and Grains
- Sunflower seeds (especially black oil sunflower seeds) are a favorite for many wild birds, including finches, chickadees, and sparrows.
- Millet is popular with ground-feeding birds like doves and juncos.
- Nyjer (thistle) seeds attract finches, particularly goldfinches.
- Safflower seeds can be good for attracting cardinals, chickadees, and woodpeckers.
2. Fruits
- Many birds enjoy berries, such as elderberries, holly berries, and raspberries.
- Apple slices (without seeds), grapes, and bananas are also favorites for species like robins, mockingbirds, and orioles.
- Citrus fruits like oranges and grapefruits can attract tanagers and other colorful birds.
3. Nuts
- Peanuts (unsalted, preferably shelled) are great for woodpeckers, blue jays, and chickadees.
- Pine nuts and walnuts are also popular with larger birds like crows and magpies.
4. Insects
- Insects like worms, caterpillars, beetles, and crickets are a vital protein source for many birds, particularly during the breeding season when birds need extra energy.
- Mealworms (live or dried) can attract robins, bluebirds, and wrens.
5. Nectar
- Hummingbirds love nectar, which can be found in flowers or provided in feeders with sugar water (about 1 part sugar to 4 parts water). Avoid using red dye in homemade nectar.
6. Suet
- Suet cakes (a mixture of animal fat, seeds, and sometimes fruit) are high-energy treats for woodpeckers, nuthatches, and chickadees, especially in winter.
7. Vegetables
- Some wild birds enjoy greens like kale, lettuce, and spinach, as well as corn or peas.
- Cooked sweet potatoes and squash are also sometimes eaten by birds like jays and robins.
8. Grains and Cereal
- Oats, rice, and cooked pasta can attract birds, especially sparrows and pigeons. Make sure grains are plain (not flavored or salted).
9. Bark and Tree Sap
- Certain species, such as woodpeckers, may peck at tree bark or feed on tree sap, especially in the spring.
10. Water
- Fresh water is essential for birds to drink and bathe in. Providing a birdbath or shallow dish of water will attract various species.
Foods Wild Birds Should Avoid:
- Salted foods (like salted peanuts or chips)
- Chocolate and caffeinated beverages (toxic to birds)
- Avocados (contain a toxin called persin)
- Onions and garlic
- Processed foods, which often contain preservatives, sugar, or artificial ingredients
Attracting Wild Birds to Your Yard:
- Providing a variety of food options will help attract a wide range of bird species.
- A bird feeder with a mix of seeds, a bird bath, and natural shrubs or trees for shelter can create an inviting habitat for wild birds.
Offering a diverse range of foods in your backyard can attract different species, making birdwatching a more enjoyable and enriching experience.